Sustainable Agriculture Through Biological Nitrogen Fixation: A New Approach

Abstract

An approach using Homogeneous mixture of soils (HMS) from 6 different forests of Telangana State were used to provide the native geo-climatic conditions, which helps in a localized natural selective way of symbiosis in Arachis hypogea and Vigna radiata from a diverse microbiome. Nodulation in legumes provides a major conduit of available nitrogen into the biosphere. This technique could be the most effective way for isolating efficient host-specific nitrogen-fixing bacteria because this technique depends on the availability of several Rhizobia to the legume plant in the specific climatic condition, and the selection is based on how the plant and the soil’s rhizobia interact. This symbiotic relationship is a complex interaction between each Rhizobium species and its limited group of host plants. The pure cultures were identified as Bradyrhizobium sp. PSKT OL304251; MTCC: 13187; JCM: 35069and Rhizobium sp.WGT MH290562; MTCC 12969 & JCM 33803 in Arachis hypogaea and Vigna radiata by using Polyphasic taxonomy respectively. The both strains were performed 1.5 to 2 times better than the controls in measurements including shoot and root length, dry weight, chlorophyll, protein, and Nitrogen content under gnotobiotic conditions for improving nodulation and plant growth through inoculation in field trials for the unraveling and amelioration of sustainable plantations in barren, polluted and agriculture soils. The study introduces a promising approach for screening efficient biological nitrogen fixing rhizobia bioinoculant, which can adapt to geo-specific conditions. Unlike traditional random selection for biofertilizer preparation, this method distinguishes itself by referring to and exploring natural combinations.