Combinatorial Effects of Syzygium aromaticum, Citrus limon, and Zingiber officinale Extracts on Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties

Abstract

This research explores the synergis- tic properties of lemon (Citrus limon L.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and ginger (Zingiber officinale), examining their combined medicinal effects. Through phytochemical screening, bio- chemical and antimicrobial activity, it is aimed to unravel the potential applications of this unique combinations of the three plant extracts. The study involves extracting bioactive compounds from the dried rhizome of ginger, the dried fruit peel of lemon and the dried flower bud of clove, and study their additive, synergistic and antagonistic properties of two combinations of spices namely clove and lemon (C + L) and clove, lemon and ginger (C+L+G). On both the combinations of these extracts phytochemical, antimicrobial, GC-MS and FTIR studies were conducted and satisfactory results obtained. The interactions between these plant extracts were analyzed to understand how they enhance or inhibit each other’s efficacy. The results of the analyses showed the presence of several primary and secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and others. The peaks in the FTIR and GC-MS analyses of the combinations indicated the presence of standard functional groups and bioactive com- pounds respectively.